Interdigitation of the muscle’s fibers at the commissures allows for a scissor-like closure. Rather uniquely, the orbicularis oris bears no direct bony attachments but is appended by the other oral muscles that attach to it. At the philtrum, the fibers of the orbicularis oris decussate to insert into the opposite philtral ridge. The principal muscle of the lips is the circumferential orbicularis oris, functioning primarily as a sphincter for the oral aperture.
#What is the purposes of the philtrum skin
The philtrum is believed to serve as a supply of additional skin to be recruited for oral movements requiring stretching of the upper lip 6). However, broad international clinical experience with fetal alcohol syndrome indicates racial and ethnic differences with respect to the facial morphology 3). This Caucasian guide has been incorporated into all current diagnostic schemes for fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. The upper and lower lips connect to the gums by the frenulum labii superioris and frenulum labii inferioris, respectively.Īstley and colleagues 1), 2) introduced a 5-point Likert-scaled philtrum guide based on Caucasian North American subjects as an objective tool for the evaluation of the facial dysmorphology in fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Outlining the vermilion borders of the upper and lower lips is a 2 to 3 mm pale convexity known as the white roll, formed by the bulging of the orbicularis oris muscle laying beneath. The inferior margin of the philtrum forms the downward arch of the cupid’s bow, while the underlying fleshy fullness is known as the tubercle or procheilon. As elasticity is diminished with age, the philtrum takes on a less prominent appearance. The philtral ridges and the philtrum are formed by a unique collection of dermal collagen and dense elastic tissue. Variations in the anatomy of the lips and philtrum can be indicative of developmental abnormalities. Philtrum is the central depression or the vertical groove between the nose and the upper lip.
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